Free Essays on Analysis Of Adverts In Various Newpspapers And Magazines

ANALYSIS OF ADVERTS IN VARIOUS NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES The average length of a television commercial is 30 seconds. In this short period of time, one would expect a presentation with a clear, concise or simple message that provides us with enough information to be able to begin forming an opinion of the product. Adverts in newspapers and magazines, however, take a different approach. Everything that the manufac-turer wants to say about the product has to be captured in one image. Press advertising is, however, a more suitable media for providing more detailed information about the vehicle such as the details of dealers and telephone numbers, prices and finance deals. Different newspapers and magazines also have their own particular target audiences, so adverts can be tailored to the expected reader. Broad sheet newspapers and the weekend supplements Looking at the newspapers in their entirety, the articles tend to be based on fact and do not rely on titillation to sell stories. The target audience is a generally more educated and aware sector of the population; those who make time at the weekend to catch up with the news and can ponder over the articles and advertisements in the supplements. The adverts in the glossy weekend supplements to these newspapers are plentiful and prominent, for cars as well as other luxury items including jewellery, perfume and designer clothes. The inside cov-ers of one Telegraph supplement were adverts for cars. A range of cars are advertised includ-ing the Ford Ka and Zetec and the Peugeot 106 at one end of the price spectrum and BMW, Lexus, Jaguar S type and Land Rover at the other end of the spectrum. However, there were no adverts for typical family cars such as Vauxhall and Ford saloons. The signals from most of the adverts are quality, drive and handling. The prices are given for some of the vehicles but it is not used as the primary selling signal. Tabloids Tabloids are mainly direc... Free Essays on Analysis Of Adverts In Various Newpspapers And Magazines Free Essays on Analysis Of Adverts In Various Newpspapers And Magazines ANALYSIS OF ADVERTS IN VARIOUS NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES The average length of a television commercial is 30 seconds. In this short period of time, one would expect a presentation with a clear, concise or simple message that provides us with enough information to be able to begin forming an opinion of the product. Adverts in newspapers and magazines, however, take a different approach. Everything that the manufac-turer wants to say about the product has to be captured in one image. Press advertising is, however, a more suitable media for providing more detailed information about the vehicle such as the details of dealers and telephone numbers, prices and finance deals. Different newspapers and magazines also have their own particular target audiences, so adverts can be tailored to the expected reader. Broad sheet newspapers and the weekend supplements Looking at the newspapers in their entirety, the articles tend to be based on fact and do not rely on titillation to sell stories. The target audience is a generally more educated and aware sector of the population; those who make time at the weekend to catch up with the news and can ponder over the articles and advertisements in the supplements. The adverts in the glossy weekend supplements to these newspapers are plentiful and prominent, for cars as well as other luxury items including jewellery, perfume and designer clothes. The inside cov-ers of one Telegraph supplement were adverts for cars. A range of cars are advertised includ-ing the Ford Ka and Zetec and the Peugeot 106 at one end of the price spectrum and BMW, Lexus, Jaguar S type and Land Rover at the other end of the spectrum. However, there were no adverts for typical family cars such as Vauxhall and Ford saloons. The signals from most of the adverts are quality, drive and handling. The prices are given for some of the vehicles but it is not used as the primary selling signal. Tabloids Tabloids are mainly direc...

Social Contexts essays

Social Contexts essays 1. When analysing an artwork what is to be gained from considering the social context in which it was created? Are there possible drawbacks to this methodology? Provide clear examples to substantiate your argument. When analysing artwork, in any form, there are often times social contexts in which can be interpreted. Not always does the history behind the painting need to be revealed to fully understand the concept of the artwork, yet it is helpful in determining if the artwork is truthful in its representation. Although in analysing artwork it is likely that there are drawbacks to considering the social context. To illustrate this point, I'm going to use the visual arts as my medium of choice. Understanding the social context can be an important tool. An advantage of knowing the history of the painting or sculpture can really enrich our knowledge, being in the 20th (soon to be 21st) century, about some of the social periods from previous times. It can demonstrate how traditions were carried out, how they had an impact on the different social classes. It's a visual teaching aid of a sort. Even in the time period of which the artwork was created can be used as a tool to show how the life was in different parts of the world. It was also used as a hammer in the realist movement to show the upper classes that life for the poor was horrible. The visual arts is the only medium in which the pictorial image creates a universal language in which anyone, regardless of nationality or social class can interpret. The text which is created by this language often creates a context which is left open to interpretation. Contexts are created by the artist, critics, judges, the public, essentially, any one who views the work and forms an opinion relating to it. The contexts stem from subject or content of an artwork, and are usually facts regarding the content. Yet, the contexts almost always have backgrounds themselves, there...

Brown University and its Ties to Slavery Research Paper

Brown University and its Ties to Slavery - Research Paper Example This occurred during a time when slavery was considered a normal part of the socio-economic life in New England and Rhode Island, and slaves formed a sizeable population within the states. When Brown University was established, Rhode Island was the main center in trans-Atlantic human trafficking where over a period of 100 years almost 100,000 Africans were forced into slavery. From the Brown report which showed Brown University to have profited from funds that originated from slave trade, it can be assumed that other institutions (which were established around the same era) may have the same past as Brown University. Outline 1. Abstract: Gives a brief summary of the entire paper 2. Introduction: introduces the topic to the reader, giving a brief glimpse of how funds from slave trade and slave related businesses helped to establish American institutions of higher education 3. Background study on American slavery: this segment gives an overview on the slave trade and US slavery that wa s widely prevalent during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. 4. Slavery in New England and Rhode Island: gives a brief review of the slavery in the northern US (New England and Rhode Island) at the time Brown University was established. It helps one understand the socio-economic conditions (as regards slavery) that prevailed in the region when Brown University was established. 5. The Brown University and its link with slavery: this shows how the Brown family was directly involved in slave trading and how money from slave related businesses from other donors went into establishing the University, thus forging a link that tied the University’s past with slavery. 1 Literature review 1.1 Introduction In a report published by the Brown University in October 2006, there were evidences that showed financial proceedings from slave trade went to establishing the university, while slave labor was used for building the college campus (Johnson, 2006). Historical data suggests that beside s Brown University, a majority of the US’s famous academic institutions for higher studies starting from Harvard University to College of William and Mary were built by slave economy and labor (Wilder, 2010). Reports show that Harvard Law School was established with the help of funds that came in from selling slaves to the Caribbean sugar plantations in the Caribbean (Puryear, 2006). The library of the Yale University was founded from donations made by slave owners and traders, while the University of Virginia was designed and funded by Thomas Jefferson (a slave owner), and slave labor was used to build the University complex (Puryear, 2006). In fact, the economy that was derived from slave trade helped to shape the financial future of many American higher educational institutions while influencing politics of institution affected educational culture and curricula within the then new American republic (Wilder, 2010). Commercial trade in slavery (also known as the

4 Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

4 Discussion - Essay Example moral grounds wherein the involvement and formation of a consistent value system is administered to and this forms the base on which decisions concerning behavior is based upon. Conscience is the â€Å"the little voice,† perhaps at times may nag, complain or make us feel harassed when actions are considered not in the right perspective. Sigmund Freud described conscience as the voice within the superego, the set of rigid moral precepts that helped to control the want and take aspects of the id. Superego can be characterized as the sum of things learned in early life about right and wrong, wherein the self or ego functions within the bounds of a particular society. A person with poor superego control is considered id-driven.(Bonnie,1995) Others believe that the conscience is the other voice of reason as viewed by Thomas Aqinas. Since reason is God-given to Aquinas therefore consciences is also God-given. But human beings have the capacity to develop reason, and so reason remains a facility that must be exercised and developed. To act conscientiously is to act on reason-based decisions. (Bonnie,1995) Aquinas discusses people who have erring consciences and make wrong decisions based on faulty reasoning. He states that this may not be the person’s fault if he has not learned enough to know what is right or wrong. We have been stating that conscience is merely a feeling but I feel it is more of knowledge that is required to understand the difference between right and wrong. This extent of conscience is based on knowledge and is not merely a feeling. This should be a knowledge rather than rational or analytical knowledge wherein this knowledge of mine is an absolute obligation to goodness, justice and charity and virtue and holiness. Secondly this knowledge is of moral facts. Thus knowledge forms the bases for conscience. Now this conscience for me can lead to authority. The age we live in is filled turmoil and terrorism. And I feel that from young this

Internal combustion engine Essay Example for Free

Internal combustion engine Essay An electric car is a vehicle which is driven by electric engines. The engines use electrical energy which is usually stored in batteries. Electric car is a variation of electric vehicle (EV). EV speaks of any vehicles which are propelled by electric engines. â€Å"Electric car† is a general term for high-speed vehicles which are powered by electricity. In the United States, low-speed vehicles which are powered by electricity are known as neighbourhood electric vehicles (NEVs), and as electric motorised quadricycles in Europe. Electric cars which are powered by different energy sources are also referred to by different names: if they are powered by sunlight, they are called solar cars. If they are powered by gasoline generators, they are called hybrid cars. The term â€Å"electric car† is usually referring to battery electric vehicles (BEVs), which are powered by on-board battery packs. Advantages of Electric Cars The first thing which comes to people’s mind when we talk about the advantages of electric cars is usually on pollution. Electric cars do not cause pollution related to internal combustion engines. The electricity used to recharge electric cars obviously has to come from somewhere, and most of the electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels. Yes, this causes pollution for sure, but there are also other methods to produce electricity. Hydropower and nuclear plants have helped in cutting the carbon emissions. Despite all the electricity production, the carbon emissions produced by electric cars is said to be half of what gas-powered cars produce. Another major advantage is you do not need gas anymore. In a year, an average American spends around $2,000 to $4,000 on gas only. Although electricity is not free, the fact that you do not have to pay so much for gas is relieving. The third advantage which needs to be stressed on is the batteries. Though you cannot drive many hundred miles with an electric car, you can still travel a rather long distance. An electric car can travel up to 100 miles on full battery. The distance it can provide is perfect for you to travel from your home to your workplace, and vice versa. Also the batteries recycle well. Almost 100 per cent of the batteries can be recycled; this helps preventing it from causing disposal problems. Electric cars are more efficient compared to gas-powered cars, in terms of energy and maintenance. Electric engines use 75 per cent of the energy from the batteries to run the wheels, while internal combustion engines only use about 20 per cent of the energy from fuel. Electrical engines also require less maintenance compared to internal combustion engines. You no longer need oil to lubricate the engine. The brakes would not wear off as quickly as gas-powered cars. You do not need belts in the engines, which will wear out due to overuse, in electric cars. Disadvantages of Electric Cars The major disadvantage of an electric car is the batteries. Electric car batteries are not cheap. They can cost around $5,000, and the better the batteries, the more expensive they are. Not only are they expensive, but you will also need to change them more than once, as the batteries have a limited lifetime. The time required for recharging the batteries is also very lengthy. To fully charge the batteries, you need 4 to 8 hours. This is a very serious disadvantage, as most people need to have their cars ready 24/7. With gas-powered cars, you just need a few minutes to fully refill the tank. Still on the batteries, another disadvantageous factor is their size and weight. Batteries used for electric cars need to be linked together into arrays, which form battery packs. Battery packs are bulky and heavy. They take up a significant amount of the vehicle space. Given the heavy weight, they battery packs can reduce the distance of how far the car can travel. Another disadvantage is the silence of electric cars. Yes, it can be soothing for some people, but it can also be dangerous for others. People usually listen to the sound of the revving engines when cars are coming up behind or beside them. When it is silent, they might not notice the cars and they can end up in an accident. Bibliography Bhat, N. (n. d. ). The Future: Our Planet in 2050 | Electric Cars. Retrieved November 05, 2013, from ThinkQuest: http://library. thinkquest. org/C008050/ecars4. html CarsDirect. (2012, January 27). Advantages and Disadvantages of Electric Cars. Retrieved November 05, 2013, from CarsDirect: http://www. carsdirect. com/green-cars/electric-cars-advantages-and-disadvantages Demuro, D. (n. d.). Electric Cars: Benefits and Disadvantages. Retrieved November 05, 2013, from AutoTrader: http://www. autotrader. com/research/article/car-tips/208155/electric-cars-benefits-and-disadvantages. jsp Enterprise Industry magazine. (2012, July 13). Automotive Industry. Retrieved November 05, 2013, from European Commissions Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/index_en. htm Fix, L. (n. d. ). Advantages and Disadvantages of Electric Cars. Retrieved November 05, 2013, from Lauren Fix, The Car Coach, Automotive Expert: http://www.laurenfix. com/Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-Electric-Cars Khan, A. (2012, November 25). Advantages and Disadvantages of an Electric Car! Retrieved November 06, 2013, from Tune Article: http://www. tunearticle. com/article-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-an-electric-car-. html Lampton, C. (2008, August 18). How Electric Car Batteries Work. Retrieved November 05, 2013, from HowStuffWorks: http://auto. howstuffworks. com/fuel-efficiency/vehicles/electric-car-battery. htm National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. (1998, June 17). Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. Retrieved November 05, 2013, from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA): http://www. nhtsa. gov/cars/rules/rulings/lsv/lsv. html#lsv48 Pedrovsky. (2012, February 24). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Electric Vehicles. Retrieved November 06, 2013, from HubPages: http://pedrovsky. hubpages. com/hub/The-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-electric-vehicles Zak, B. (2011, April 04). Advantages and Disadvantages of Electric Cars. Retrieved November 06, 2013, from Goal for the Green: http://www. goalforthegreen. com/2011/04/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-electr.

Social Anxiety Disorder :: essays research papers

Social anxiety disorder is also known as social phobia. It is defined as the fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people. It is the fear and anxiety of being judged and evaluated negatively by other people or behaving in a way that might cause embarrassment or ridicule. This leads to feelings of inadequacy, self-consciousness, and depression. The person with social anxiety disorder may believe that all eyes are on him at all times. Social anxiety disorder is the third largest mental health case issue in the world, and it can effect 7% of the population (15 million Americans) at any given time. There are many different perceptions about people with social anxiety. People who do have it are often seen by others as just being shy, aloof, constrained, unfriendly, uneasy, quiet, indifferent, or diffident. The people who are afflicted with social anxiety may be clouded by these perceptions as well, so they may fail to seek treatment. Because the problem is generally unheard of, they may think that they are the only ones who suffer from it. People who do seek treatment are misdiagnosed 90% of the time, often labeled as "personality disorder", "manic depressive", or "schizophrenic", among other things. This is because social anxiety is not well understood by the general public, or medical or health care professionals. They are not even sure of the real cause of it or what it stems from. Those with the disorder usually know that their anxiety, thoughts, and fears are irrational and unfounded. They realize that it is angst and terror that they are experiencing. They know that people around them are not really critically judging them or evaluating them constantly. They understand that everyone is not out to degrade or embarrass them. But despite this logical knowledge and sense, they still continue to feel and believe differently, thus, thoughts and symptoms of anxiety usually persist with no indication of going away. People with social anxiety may usually experience extreme distress in some of these situations: when they are being introduced to other people, being teased or criticized, being the center of attention, meeting important people or authoritative people, being watched while doing something, having to announce something in a public situation, embarrassing easily, or making eye contact. Social anxiety may be selective, though. A person may have an extreme fear of one occasion, such as public speaking, but be perfectly comfortable in any other situation.

College Entrepreneurs Do Good and Make Money

â€Å"College Entrepreneurs Do Good and Make Money,† (Nickels, McHugh, & McHugh, 2010, p. 26). They are really business and success story. True college entrepreneurs will do anything possible to reach their goals by being original and innovative. They pick an idea based on the customer needs and use it to develop the plan. We have heard about several young millionaires entrepreneurs that started their business while they were still attending college, such as Mark Zuckerberg who launched Facebook while still attending Harvard. Now he is one of the youngest billionaires in the world. Ryan Allis and Aaron Houghton were also college students with the determination of success, and they have taken their dreams into a blossoming entrepreneur. We find their case as a really good lesson to learn about being a successful entrepreneur, these two young college students were able to take risk and find a need to fill in the community. Another thing that was imperative for their success was the preparation of their idea about the role of each other into the business. They were able to take something they both enjoyed; computers, and create a business using their mutual talents. Aaron had strong product development skills, and Ryan was bright in marketing skills; they complemented each other very well, this helped with the growing of the corporation. Once you have your business scheme you must make certain that you have a well-defined plan. It must offer a clear direction for the enterprise and describe the market you wish to target, also the potential risks and rewards, the people that will help you get there, and how you are going to get there. We think that having a dream is great but it will not move you to start anything; you need to have willpower to be able to execute the first step. Aaron and Ryan only had a couple of hundred dollars to start their business, but they were able to run their business and start with a small amount of capital. They basically started with the little resources they already had; the internet, technology, and a love to access to computers. We do not need to start gigantic to create a successful business. We also think that the fact that Ryan and Aaron were young and seem that they did not have a family to support, pay mortgages or children to rise. They were not depending on a profit from their initial investment, in contrast, with a person with a family and responsibilities to face. Determining the accurate level of planning to do can be not easy. But we agree, that waiting too long will not get you going, it is important to start and you will find new resources, meet new people, and get new opportunities to make your dream come true.

Use Linked In account for high business development

Use Linked In account for high business development Linked In recommended for business The connectivity of Linked In is very big. It has connected around 260 million members in about 200 countries globally. This website lends an apt platform for similar individuals to connect, share and discuss various ideas. It is true that social media sites aim for associating Individuals. But at the same time, various account holders are making use of Linked In account for rapid business development. Linked In tips for workability of businessThe Linked In is a type of social media which gives help to job workers as well as businessmen. A good understanding is required to promote business successfully in the current scenario. Some good tips as well as ideas for making use of Linked In are listed below: 0 Showcase yourself as a nice businessman In current profile. It does not mean that you have to state about your current profession In the profile. With business details, mention full Information ab out personal details In your profile.If anyone wants to ilk to you, they would peep out in your profile first. You should make your profile in such a way that you look as a very decent and authentic businessman. Choose recent photograph as your display picture. 0 Make use of Linked In for taking out leads. This website consists of millions of users as well as It provides good chance to connect with various professionals or similar people who can get profit from using various services or products. How to use Linked In to pick up fresh leads?.When you get request from someone, take benefit of It. Visit profile in detail as well as find out their requirement. Give them information regarding activity or business with the help of mail and send welcome mail to your connected friends. 0 Watch out people who would benefit you in business. Add people of similar background. When you visit someone's profile then they would know and will tend to vaults your profile also. This may lead to adding connection with that individual. 0 Always post valuable information. Keep strict time schedule for your postings.By costing fascinating content, you could create interest among users. Write Intelligent comments on other's posts. Ask your connections to comment on your posts too. Value friendship then you can promote your business easily. Many business people have active accounts and you can find good prospects for your website design in Jasper business too. There is a website design company in Jasper known as Efforts Unlimited which has been developing websites and has been doing website promotion like SMS with the help of social networking sites like face book,

A Working Report on Grameen Phone Community Information Center (Gpcic) Essays

A Working Report on Grameen Phone Community Information Center (Gpcic) Essays A Working Report on Grameen Phone Community Information Center (Gpcic) Essay A Working Report on Grameen Phone Community Information Center (Gpcic) Essay have worked in Grameen phone Community Information Center ( GP CIC) as an intern from 1st June to 31st August, 2008. During this limited time, the completion of this report was possible because of the cooperation of many people. I offer my most sincere admirations to all of those who provided their invaluable advices and encouragements in this endeavor. I am truly grateful to all the employees of Grameen phone Community Information Center (GP CIC) especially my super visor, Mr. Md. Shafiqul Islam Sikdar. And to end with, I would like to express my extreme appreciation to my honorable supervisor, Mr. Md. Sohel Islam and to my respected instructor Mr. Md. Muzahid Akbar. Their precious contributions enhanced my self-belief and helped me to finish my study in time as well. III Executive Summary CIC initiative taken by Grameen phone – is a countrywide massive network grown in the last few years with over 500 centers across 450 Upazilla of the country which is designed to provide he benefits of internet service among the disadvantaged population and increase employment in this part of the country. Despite of such success of self-sustainability of most of the centers, around 10% of them are still struggling financially. In the point of time, when it is planned to expand the initiative, it is necessary to understand the dynamics behi nd success of such centers and take stock of work so far so as to effectively replicate the experiences and success stories. This report is basically prepared to asses the current business condition and future prospects of he project CIC, in the context of Grameen phone. Even though, I tried to gather as much information as possible relevant to the purpose of the study, still some necessary data might be missing in order to follow the rule of the company confidentiality. However, both primary and secondary sources were used to collect data for the study. Interviews were taken of the User, Non user, GP CIC employees and some Entrepreneurs of the CIC. Secondary data were collected from the Internet, Journals, and Newspapers and from the company Grameen phone itself. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page No. Letter of Transmittal Acknowledgement Executive Summary 1. 0 AN OVERVIEW OF GRAMEEN PHONE LTD 1 1. 1 FLOW CHART OF THE COMPANY 2 2. 0 BACKGROUND OF THE REPORT 3 2. 1 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT 3 2. 2 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 4 2. LIMITATIONS OF THE REPORT 4 2. 4 OVER VIEW OF THE APPROACH 5 3. 0 GRAMEEN PHONE COMMUNITY INFORMATION CENTER (GPCIC) 6 3. 1 What is GPCIC? 6 3. 2 Objective of the CIC 7 3. 3 How to form a CIC 7 3. 4 General services available in the GPCIC 9 . 5 Target Market of the CICS 10 3. 6 Flow-Chart for CIC Support 10 3. 7 Impact/ Outcome of the project 11 4. 0 Activities that I performed during the Internship Program 14 5. 0 Challenges that I faced 15 6. Learning through the Internship Program 16 V 6. 1 New CIC Roll Out 16 6. 2 C CI IC C O Op pe er ra at ti io on ns s 1 17 7 6 6. .3 3 T Te ec ch hn ni ic ca al l S Su up pp po or rt t f fo or r t th he e E En nt tr re ep pr re en ne eu ur rs s 1 19 9 7. 0 Findings 20 7. 1 Positive findings 20 . 2 Negative Findings 21 8. 0 RECOMMENDATIONS 22 9. 0 CONCLUSION 23 10. 0 References 25 11. 0 Appendixes 26 1. 0 AN OVERVIEW OF GRAMEEN PHONE LTD. Grameen phone Ltd, the leading cell companies states its voyage with an aim? f ensuring affordable telephony service to entire population of Bangladesh. Grameen phone was offered a cellular license in Bangladesh by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications on November 28, 1996 and launched its service on the Independence Day of Bangladesh on March 26, 1997. Grameen telecom, is a not for profit company and works in close collaboration with Grameen bank. Grameen telecom, with the help of Grameen Bank, manages the village phone program, through which Grameen phone Ltd provides its GSM services to the fast growing rural customers. Grameen telecom which owns 38% of the shares of Grameen phone Ltd and the rest 62% owns by Telenor AS, the leading cell company in Norway. It has listed both in Oslo and NASDAQ stock exchange. Grameen phone Ltd considers them as a medium to connect the people through their mobility. Management has brought a change in the organizational structure in view of need of time. As of the recent change, line function of the company comprises of the 7 major tasks. These are: Networks (IT Technical) Commercial (Sales, Marketing, Distribution, Logistics, Data New Business, segments, Regional Sales) Communications (Corporate Communications, Information, Public Relations, CSR) Finance (Finance, SCM,HSSE) HR Admin. Customer service Corporate Affairs Government Relations A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 2 1. 1 FLOW CHART OF THE COMPANY: A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 3 2. 0 BACKGROUND OF THE REPORT After the completion of Four years (12 semesters) BBA Program of Independent University ? Bangladesh; 3 months organizational attachment is a must. I completed this internship period in ? Grameen phone Ltd (GP), the number one telecommunication company in Bangladesh. I worked he GPCIC (Grameen Phone Community Information Center) project under Data and new Business, Commercial Division. I focused on Roll Out, Operation Technical Support of the project. After the kind approval of my instructor, the report originated. 2. 1 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT The objective of this working report is to figure out debrief the over all process of the Roll Out, Operation Technical Support Team. Initia tive was also taken to find out the reason behind the GPCIC s success.? ? Understanding the need for information center in rural areas of Bangladesh. ? Understanding the reason behind successful CIC. Understanding the reason behind drop out CIC. ? Understanding the concept of CIC as a social business initiative. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 4 2. 2 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY The study required a holistic approach to adequately diagnose the over all circumstance of the CICs. Thus it required a combination of Primary and secondary data collection. Primary – to get an in depth understanding of the entire CIC dynamics / issues from different respondent groups and help fine tune the KSF (Key Success Factors) determinants and Secondary – To capture all etails including cross examination of the KSFs, keeping the study objective in view. The proposed methodology is outlined below: Primary data collection: Primary data have been collected directly to solve the problem at hand. The primary data were collected through taking feedback from the under mentioned sources. CIC operators GP Employees related to CICs Users Non-users Secondary data collection: Secondary data were collected through Internet CIC Booklet CIC report in Media Other secondary source 2. 3 LIMITATIONS OF THE REPORT Alike most of the study time was a constraint for doing this treatise. Since I have been allotted a time frame of three months for my intern it was almost impossible to get the actual figure which can reflect the result of the study with 100% accuracy. The other restraint for executing the study A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 5 was the limited access to the internal issues. As an intern, I had very little access in the decision making and other sensitive confidential issues. On the other hand, different centers are located in the rural areas and it is hardly possible to contact with them. Thus, I had to take the interviews via Telephone. As a result, it was really inflexible to identify the actual outcome. Moreover, the financial statements of GP for 2009 have not been published yet. As a result, most of the data those have been provided in the organizational part is based on year 2008. 2. 4 OVER VIEW OF THE APPROACH GP employee Feedback: Partnership arrangement with CICs, Support services made available to the CICs. Need Gap analysis, Reasons for Good or Poor performance etc. Secondary data collection : Area profiling, verify population density, presence and location of important socio-economic, business, educational or other infrastructures ith particular relevance to CIC success. Non-user Feedback: Awareness on CICs service bundle Need/demand for CIC services, Reasons for not using CIC services. Way forward to attract non-users. Profile User Feedback: Awareness on service bundle, Services availed, Role of CIC in their life and living. Need Gap assessment, User profiling. CIC Feedback: CIC Entrepreneur Interview. To explore service bundle offered, services on demand, opportunity lost or problem encountered, complaint handling, customer services profitability etc. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 3. 0 GRAMEEN PHONE COMMUNITY INFORMATION CENTER (GPCIC) What is GPCIC? The Grameen phone Community Information Center is a shared premise where rural people may access a wide-range of state of art services such as Internet, voice communications, video conferencing and other information services. This initiative is part of Grameen phone s drive to ? do something good for the rural community, which is a major portion of the population of the country. CICs developed a unique business model that was highly applauded by local government the International community . Set up with technical assistance from the GSM Association, Grameen phone Community Information Centers (GPCICs) are equipped with the minimum of a computer, a printer, a scanner, a webcam and an EDGE-enabled modem, to access the Internet using Grameen phone s nation? -wide EDGE connectivity. The pilot project started in February 2006 with 16 CICs; today the project has become a massive operation with over 500 CICs operational in nearly 450 Upazilla s. The sho? rt-term plan of this initiative is to establish at least one CIC in each of the 462 Upazilla s. In the long? -run Grameen phone plans to increase the umber of CICs substantially so that very CIC can support the information needs of four adjacent villages. GPCICs are designed to be run independently as small businesses by local entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs are trained and are provided with continuous support from Grameen phone. To help the entrepreneurs earn a living, Community Information Centers also provide other Grameen phone services, such as payphones (again using Grameen phones mobile network) and electronic recharges (Flexi load) for prepaid and postpaid mobile accounts. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 7 Objective of the CICs: GP’s perspective: Create access to information Generate employment Produce business through self sustained economic activities Socio-economic upliftment of the rural masses Brighten GP s image as Social Entrepreneur? Bridging the digital-divide Entrepreneur’s perspective: Working with Viable business case Opportunity to promote ICT in the local community. How to form a CIC? Technical Option A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 8 CIC User User ` MS Windows XP/Linux USB UPS Backup Mainline Power Supply Internet Modem Basic Option Multiple Terminal CIC User CIC User 1GB link CIC User Terminal w/ keyboard mouse Terminal w/ keyboard mouse Terminal w/ keyboard mouse NIVO unit NIVO unit Mainline Power Supply USB EDGE Modem ` Linux Server UPS Backup Switch NIVO unit A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 9 General services available in the GPCIC : Internet surfing and e-mailing Content on health, agriculture, etc. Locally relevant customized and open content Chatting with Voice, Picture Video conferencing Typing Scanning, Printing Commercial Mobile Call E-governance services GP value added services such as Flexi Load, Ring tones downloading etc. E-Fax CD Writing Telemedicine services (to be introduced) Multimedia education for children (Meena Cartoon, courtesy of UNDP ) Target Market of the CICS: The inhabitants of the village community (generally). The Government (local central agency, utility services and for e-governance etc. ). Teachers, students and the youth (for internet browsing, distance learning etc. ) Professionals (such as Doctors, Paramedics, Midwives, Agriculturists telemedicine etc. ) Farmers the rural business community (for price applications, rural trading business etc. ) A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 0 NGO, Women (at least one worker in the CIC would be a woman) Community Workers etc. FLOW CHART FOR CIC SUPPORT START Problem found by CIC Operator Call CIC Helpline/Raise Workflow Mailer Ticketing System Can CIC Team Solve the problem ? Escalate the problem to other Dept as per SLA Can Concerned Dept. Solve the problem ? Call vendor END Yes Yes No No A Working Report on Gra meen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 11 Impact/ Outcome of the project: Socio Economic Impact on GP s Business? Impact on ICT Sector Education Agriculture Health Employment Gender Equity SOCIO-ECONOMIC Bangladesh is an agrarian country. Literacy rate is below 30%. There is a tendency in the populace to leave their village homes in search of livelihood in the already overcrowded cities. These situations must have to be altered and the trend need be reversed soon enough. By creating job opportunities in the villages positive impacts ? on the socio-economic sphere has been made. IMPACT ON GP’s BUSINESS The proposed business model implicated local entrepreneurs; generate business activities in the rural Bangladesh. Business had run as self sustained business units. This has eventually onsequent in positive financial impacts on the business of GP as well. IMPACT ON TELECOM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR Telecom is the thrust sector in the country. To keep pace with the rest of the world, Bangladesh has no other alternative but to pace its advancement in telecommunications and tele-density in both voice and data. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Inform ation Center (GPCIC) 12 GP has noticeably performed in fulfilling its obligation towards Universal Service Obligation in telecom. This project has implemented at the initiatives of GP, has endear GP to the Regulator, he Government and the mass to a great extent. EDUCATION The inhabitants of the villages have come across many educational opportunities through these centers. These would enrich their knowledge. The training facility at the centers provides them the opportunity to learn more about ICT. The literacy rate has increased eventually. AGRICULTURE Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country with nearly 75 percent of the population dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Agriculture accounts for approximately 30 percent of Bangladesh s GD? P. Improved farming techniques and the use of irrigation and high-yield grains ave greatly increased Bangladesh s ? agricultural output. This project provided the rural population of Bangladesh with information on issues related to ag riculture. These sites reckoned for information on plants, plant diseases, types of farming, use of pesticides and herbicides etc. Apart from having a vast reservoir of information, CICs keep farmers updated on various agriculture related Government schemes, their details, duration of offer and eligibility. Availing these schemes is beneficial to farmers and local entrepreneur will assist farmers in procuring other details, thus saving their time and energy. HEALTH Information on health helps the citizens remain healthy and fit. It has covered a wide range of topics from Pregnancy to Child health to First Aid tips. Project gives the shortcuts, the little- known tricks and proven methods to help everybody in their quest for good health. By A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 13 understanding the basic principles of healthy living and applying them with sense and moderation, people can vastly improve the quality and well increase the length of their lives. Through a section like Ask the Doctor citizen posts any query regarding health advice. CIC has forwarded this query to panel of specialists in Dhaka and people can get a reply. The advances in medicine have truly been staggering. Applying what we already know to the healthcare can lead to continued good health. The project introduces Telemedicine facilities in the long run. EMPLOYMENT It is appreciated from the implementation experience of the project in Bangladesh that there is a direct employment generation for at least one person for each center. After the activity peaks up, with passage of time, at least three persons are indirectly supported by each center which holds a romise for significant employment generation from this project. GENDER EQUITY Government of Bangladesh has announced equal opportunity for women. Parliament has reserved seats for women members. For other areas also, there are many opportunities forthcoming to the rural women for which information and knowledge are lacking. The Community Centers, established on the principle of inclusion, brought b etter knowledge to women. Knowledge brought options, options have created opportunities and opportunities lead to reduction of gender inequality and increase sustainable development of family and the ommunity. DIGITAL DIVIDE Out of 80% of Bangladesh population living in rural and remote areas has little to no access to information. There are many governmental poverty alleviation and development schemes, health A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 14 advisory bulletins, information pertaining to citizen-charter, legislation and so on for the rural people, information which do not reach them. But because of the implementation of the CIC empowerment of rural citizen has taken place through these ICT enabled centers by way of rapid flow of information on such issues. Thus the digital divide narrowed up in the long run in the rural Bangladesh. 4. 0 ACTIVITIES THAT I PERFORMED: CIC Identification: Sort out growth centers from LGRD database. A total of 6500 growth centers identified through out the country. Entrepreneur Selection: Archive CIC Entrepreneur application form in electronic database. Assigned weight to application form as per pre set criteria. Responded to entrepreneurs general query over email.? Database Creation: Created a simple database in excel format for closed CIC where commissioning to closing of the project activities was considered. Cut off date was 10 th August 2009. CIC Product Support: Mapped CIC with reload distributors according to their respected territory. Total 87 CICs were mapped with corresponding distributors for Flexi load / reload SIM handover to CIC entrepreneur. Follow up Flexi load out of stock balance for 550 GPCICs. Feed back collection: Collected post event feedback from the Entrepreneurs for various ATL and BTL activities undertaken by Grameen Phone. Assisted in ad hoc task of monitoring evaluation of implementing agency. Mentionable, both ATL and BTL program is carried out by GP to build awareness about GPCIC promote CIC s service ? o different target audience. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 15 Online Over phone training: Occasionally I was blessed with the responsibility to help CIC Training team members to train entrepreneurs over phone and email. The basic task was to guide the entrepreneurs to navigate to appropriate URL for fertilizer recommendation software. Total 3 0 CIC training were conducted by me. Assisted in other ad hoc tasks by CIC team members as and when it was necessary. 5. 0 CHALLENGES THAT I FACED GrameenPhone has a fair recruitment policy. This policy can be classified as a Regular, Contractual, and Part-Time Intern. Every individual Duties, Rights responsibilities have been clearly defined in the employment term. The organization environments are conducive of applying theoretical knowledge in to reality. Like many other big corporate houses GrameenPhone share information on need to know basis. Sometimes it has been felt that people in GP work under strict deadline. They focus more on their immediate deliverables. That time it is difficult to seek their valuable time on any issue for further clarification or to clear up my concept. During CIC field visit it was difficult to move independently. It can be said that CIC center are geographically dispersed. Visiting CIC from different category (e. g. state in their life cycle, revenue earning status, different level of enterprising quality, and varying service augmentation by end user, successful unsuccessful CIC) need considerable time, money energy. Due to their nation wide presence getting all kind of CIC in a single/ few short tour plans is not possible. Strong external competitor has not emerged for CIC till time. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 16 6. 0 LEARNING THROUGH THE INTERNSHIP PROGRAM NEW CIC ROLL OUT To establish new CIC in uncovered Upazilla GP follow bellow mentioned steps. 1. Site Identification: Identify Upazilla establish CIC considering demography, growth center, and long term Business viability. 2. Press advertisement: GP go for press Advertisement for getting application from prospective entrepreneur. 3. Site Selection Data collection: So many technical details e. g. Serving cell, / neighboring cell longitude latitude, radio condition, shop dimension data collected to choose from competing center. Finally CIC team Short list CIC site according to field data. 4. Entrepreneurs Selection: CIC team Evaluate application among competing alternatives. Then Follow competitive selection process, Call for interview, Select the entrepreneur. Finally, pass the selected entrepreneur list to training team. 5. Agreement Signing Logistics Distribution: Following steps are taken in to account ? Administer agreement signing with Individual entrepreneur Immediately after training session ? Compliance issue ? Distribute GP WAN GPPP SIM ? Distribute banner, festoon Poster, leaflet, other POSM. 6. Soft Launch: at this stage under mentioned steps need consideration ? Activate Sim. Verify soft launch status through BSCS, TAPS other tools. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 17 7. Channel Dedication / FPDCH Definition ? Sending request to concerned technical department to Identify of serving cell and needful channel dedication. ? Getting feedback from networks test performance. ? Update in life cycle database ? Collect extern al antenna for CIC with Poor network quality. 8. Shop Profiling ? Raise Purchase Requisitions for all kind of Branding, Profiling marketing materials ? Communicate with Brand or Creative for design related issue ? Allocate work among vendor to maximize efficiency ? Confirm work completion quality in delivery with entrepreneur ? Create move order to disburse bill from finance. 9. Reload SIM Handover: ? send request to reload department ? reload verifies according to agreed process ? reload register SIM send to regional reload ? Regional reload distribute Flexi load SIM to distributor ? Distributor handover Flexi load SIM to entrepreneur. C CI IC C O OP PE ER RA AT TI IO ON NS S 1. CIC Product maintenance: under mentioned things are taken into account for CIC Product maintenance. ? GP WAN ,GPPP, Flexi load Bar – Unbar issue ? Sim Replacement A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 18 ? Credit Limit fixation ? Grace period issue ? Update sales report in ERP ? Providing necessary VAT TAX Treatment ? Ensure smooth operation of CIC operation ? Follow up bill collection ? Follow up agreement terms 2. Make shift of apparatus for disqualified Entrepreneurs: under mentioned things are taken into account for Make shift cases Inform regional team regarding disqualification ? Collect SIM from CIC entrepreneur ? Collect marketing materials from CIC entrepreneur ? Collect Signboard from CIC 3. Adjacent CIC Survey: Following steps are done ? Identify CIC/ telecenter Close to one another ? Collect data according to checklist ? Making decision based on collected data ? Inform entrepreneur 4. Organizing Event: It includes following tasks. ? Taking necessary budgetary approval from concern ? Determining suitable alternatives ? Do the needful to organize event ? Bill settlement with finance A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 19 5. Marketing promotional material Production delivery ? Determine Marketing Promotional material for Production ? Communicate with Brand or Creative for design related issue ? Determine Ideal Quantity for each CIC Raise PR ? Receive goods from vendor ? Ensure delivery ? Create necessary move order ? Issue work completion certificate ? Expedite bill to finance for settlement T TE EC CH HN NI IC CA AL L S SU UP PP PO OR RT T F FO OR R T TH HE E E EN NT TR RE EP PR RE EN NE EU UR RS S 1 Receiving customer complaints: here activities involved are as under ? Online tic ket system. ? E-mail ? Support Over phone ? Physical visit ? Ad hoc requirement 2. Verification of the complaints: It includes following tasks ? Contact entrepreneurs over phone to verify complain. ? Involve CTC to verify complain for network problem in required cases. ? Visit when necessary 3. Troubleshooting complain resolution: It includes following tasks ? Contact entrepreneurs over phone to verify. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 20 ? Involve CTC to verify complain for network problem. ? Visit as necessary regarding complain. 4. Escalation: It includes following tasks ? Escalated SIM related issues to activation-HLR reset.. ? Escalate Network related issue CTC through GPTTS ? Hardware issues escalated to respective vendors 5. Feedback: It includes following tasks are done ? Feedback from respective departments. ? Provide feedback to the entrepreneur. . Future follows up: At this stage following tasks ? Optimization request to concerned network department for unresolved complaints. ? Advice and support for other technological enhancement related issue for business expansion. 7. 0 FINDINGS: Positive Findings Although, till date the society is not much prepared for the services based on such advanced technolo gy and the understanding on the services are not much clear because of the existing socio-economic condition of the specially in the rural part of the country, however the overall condition of the country is moving forward may be slowly but steadily. And the long existing traditional practices are being changed. Examples are the changed practice of checking results of government exams through the internet, looking for education related information using internet, increased level of email use, seeking different government forms through internet. Off course it requires time and effort for behavioral change of people. However, the change is taking place. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 21 The other important aspect is the absence of strong competitor in the market in the areas of such services. And a large space for work exists related to service development focused to not only the rural part of the country but also for the urban part. This creates a huge opportunity for the service providers to grab the market before other competitors and remain ahead of them. Negative Findings: ? Pricing strategy The current pricing strategy is resulting disadvantage for the CICs as any potential shop can have an internet SIM and start providing internet service. This situation keeps no competitive edge for the CICs in some short term business cases. ? Lack of skill among the entrepreneurs: The average computer skill English language comprehension skill are barely minimum to support CIC operation . However GP is taking manifold program to develop entrepreneurs skill set. Practicality is human capacity development is very costly time taking matter. Sometimes people can actually visualize true benefit of ICT. ? Image crisis of the CICs: The image of CIC is not much different from a „Flexi-load shop and suffering from image crisis. ? The main reasons are inability of the CICs to introduce itself strongly as „Information shop and ? signboards/POS materials with similar color/design with other STP service providers. Sustainability: Insufficient revenue due to low entrepreneurs commitment level, sometimes experiencing Slow internet speed, Communication gap between the CIC owner and Operator, change in entrepreneur s business scope, tendency to exploit grace period, technological advancement and ? so on causes short time sustainability of some CICs. A Working Rep ort on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 22 8. 0RECOMMENDATIONS The key issue for sustainability is sufficient revenue which can be obtained through creating demand in the form of awareness building. Well designed communication should e carried out which would be understandable to the target community. Both ATL and BTL are required to generate sufficient awareness and understanding on the services. Promotional programs should be developed around the benefits of the services and success stories should be highlighted. Within the process technical terms/words should be avoided. Service bundle should be designed based on the demand and profitability and new service line should be added. Usage of existing information service i. e. contents has to be increased as well. Monthly internet charge for the CICs should be reduced compared to others providing ompetitive edge for the entrepreneurs. Educated young person with higher educational level, higher computer skill and plea sant personality should be preferred. Partner organizations should also be requested to recommend for such candidates. Sufficient speed for internet should be ensured for smooth running of the business. Skill of the entrepreneurs should ensured by providing proper training to the entrepreneurs specially in the area of identifying proper address/ source of information ability to find appropriate information from right place and deliver the service to the users with faster speed. To keep the motivation level of the entrepreneurs, increased communication should be ensured. Regular workshops and training programs can serve the purpose. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 23 Technical support should also be strengthened and appropriate method of communication should be developed for faster service. Local influential persons should be involved with this initiative as they have a strong influence and reliability within the community. And finally, image crisis of the CICs should be overcome. The CICs should be differentiated from a „Flexi-load shop . Different colors and designs from other shops can ? be used for differentiating purpose. 9. 0 CONCLUSION The internship program helped me discover a new era of ICT innovation for the latest world of art technology. Telephone internet (Mobile plus Landline) Penetration in Bangladesh is less than 30 % 3% respectively. It s a green field market for CIC (generic name Telecenter) in ? Bangladesh. Here I found that ICT can bring meaningful changes for the country people. Other landline PSTN operator can also initiate such project as social business. The business model is self sustainable. Unlike many other projects, there is no fear of shutting down the project after the expiry of project fund. Entrepreneurship is being promoted by GP in Collaboration with Public Private Partnership. There should have Clear Policy from Bangladesh Telecom Regulatory Commission to promote this short of ICT Initiative through out the country. Technology itself can not bring changes for the community peoples lives. Moreover Capacity building is required for the person who will be using this technology to exploit the benefit from technology. Additionally some other organizations are evolving as content developer to isseminate digitized content for a fee. A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 24 REFERENCES: ? www. grameenphone. com ? www. gpcic. org ? anovatechbd. com A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 25 ANNEXURE-1 Table: CIC services Sl. Category Services 1. Agriculture 1. 1 Crop production (Seed Varieties, Irrigation e tc. ) 1. 2 Tools (Procurement, Marketing, Hiring) 1. 3 Marketing 1. 4 Pricing 1. 5 Financing (Micro credit) 1. 6 Crop Insurance 1. 7 Weather reports 1. 8 Disaster warnings 2. Animal Husbandry 2. 1 Animal Health Veterinary Services . 3 Finance Schemes 2. 4 Production (Best practices) 2. 5 Livestock development 3. Citizen Services 3. 1 Procedures 3. 2 Documentation 3. 3 Forms 3. 4 Contact Directory 3. 5 Grievances/ Redressal 3. 6 Schemes Benefits 3. 7 Birth Death Certificates 3. 8 Matrimonial 3. 9 STD, PCO, Cyber Cafe 3. 10 FAQs 4. Health 4. 1 Vaccination Schedule 4. 2 Maternity Care 4. 3 Family Planning 4. 4 Medicines 4. 5 Ambulance Services and Transportation 4. 6 Hospitals / Primary Health Centers Information 4. 7 Blood Bank 4. 8 Life Saving Drugs 4. 9 Doctor’s Database 4. 10 Appointment with doctors 4. 11 e-Diagnostics 4. 2 Material Management Systems (Medicine) 5. Education 5. 1 School/College/University 5. 2 Syllabus 5. 3 Education Results 5. 4 Education Abroad 5. 5 S chemes/Scholarships 5. 6 Counselling/FAQs 6. Land/Property 6. 1 Land Records 6. 2 Property Transfer and Registration 6. 3 Property tax 6. 4 Property Rules and Regulation 6. 5 Land Income Certificates A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 26 7 Employment 7. 1 Job Opportunity (Exchange) 7. 2 Registration 7. 3 Self employment scheme 8 Social Welfare 8. 1 Schemes and Benefits 8. 2 Directory of NGO 8. 3 Citizen Rights 9 Utility Services 9. Applications 9. 2 Outstanding bill Statements 9. 4 Bill Collection on various Utilities 10 Business 10. 1 Procedures 10. 2 Documentation 10. 3 Forms 10. 4 Schemes (Subsidy loans) 10. 5 Compliances with Rules Law (Vat etc) 10. 6 Desktop Publishing 11 Union Parishad Matters 11. 1 Birth 11. 2 Death 11. 3 Utility Connection (Water, electricity etc. ) 11. 4 Property Transfer Registration 11. 5 Tax Rules 11. 6 Tax Payments 11. 7 License and Concession 11. 8 Permits 12 Consumer Welfare 12. 1 Consumer Rights 12. 2 Consumer Co urts 12. 3 Legal Assistance 13 Environment 13. 1 Pollution Control Information/ forms 13. 2 Environment 3. 3 Grievances/Redressal 14 Tourism Transport 14. 1 Room Availability/Booking 14. 2 Booking of Long Distance Bus Tickets 14. 3 Information on Transport Routes, Sight seeing places 15 Entertainment 15. 1 Video Cable TV Total Category: 15 Total Services: 80 A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 27 ANNEXURE-2 FINANCIALS OF THE GPCIC A A. . C Co os st t o of f t th he e P Pr ro oj je ec ct t: : Sl Items Quantity Actual Cost 1 Fuel generator 1 18,000 2 Local PC 6 200,000 3 Internationally branded PC 1 42,000 4 Clone PC 6 170,000 5 Laptop 3 180,000 Printer 16 36,000 7 Scanner 16 30,000 8 UPS 8 20,000 9 Web cam (0. 3 MPx) 16 24,000 10 Web cam (1. 3 MPx) 2 10,600 11 Release fee for Solar Panel 1 0 12 Portal Development 1 25,000 13 Terminal 3 0 14 Internet switch 1 2,500 15 Clone PC 1 30,000 16 1 GB cable 1 2,000 17 UPS 5 10,000 18 Motorola C117 2 10,000 19 e-Trust antivirus 16 25,000 20 Clone PC 3 88,500 21 UPS 3 6,000 22 Digital banner 16 23,000 23 Business card 4800 8,000 24 Poster 320 13,000 25 Leaflet 4800 11,000 26 Motorola C117 2 5,580 27 Windows XP CD 3 170 28 Cosonic headphone 2 500 29 DKU 5 cable 2 1000 0 Spiral binding 15 3000 31 Spiral binding 11 200 32 Power strip 2 200 33 FDD 1. 44 MB 12 4,680 34 FDD cable 12 360 35 Headphone 19 2,800 36 USB camera cable 16 3,500 37 Power strip 10 2,300 38 Blank CD 10 300 39 Spiral binding 28 550 40 Multi Socket 14 580 41 Miscellaneous cost 3 20,000 Total cost of the CIC Project BDT 1,030,320 USD 15,152 A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 28 B: Table: Income forecast for the established CIC Income Head 1st Month / day 2nd Month / day 3rd Month / day Internet Browsing 1hrs X Tk 20 20 2hrs X Tk 20 40 3hrs X Tk 20 60 Computer Compose 5 page X Tk 10 50 10 page X Tk 10 100 15 page X Tk 10 150 Printing 5 page X Tk 5 25 7 page X Tk 5 35 10 page X Tk 5 50 Scanning 2 nos X Tk 5 10 5 nos X Tk 5 25 10 nos X Tk 5 50 Digital Photo using web cam 2 nos X Tk 20 40 2 nos X Tk 20 40 3 nos X Tk 30 90 PC Phone 10 Min X Tk 15 150 15 Min X Tk 15 225 20 Min X Tk 15 300 Information Service (Health, Agri, Education) Lump sum 20 Lump sum 50 Lump sum 70 Total Daily Sales 315 465 700 Total Monthly Sales ( 25 days) 7,875. 00 11,625. 00 17,500. 00 Total Monthly Sales from 16 Center 126,000. 00 186,000. 0 280,000. 00 Total Sales in 1st Year (per center avg. ) 194,500 Total Sales in 1st year from 16 Center 3,112,000 A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 29 C. Operating Expenditure (per month) Item of Cost 1st Month 2nd Month 3rd Month House Rent 1,000. 00 1,000. 00 1,000. 00 Electricity 800 1,000. 00 1,000. 00 Internet 600 600 600 Spare, Ink, Cartridge, etc 2,000. 00 3,000. 00 4,000. 00 Stati oneries 200 300 500 Telephone Bill 4,500. 00 5,000. 00 6,000. 00 Net-2 Phone Card cost 100 100 200 Staff Salary 2,000. 00 2,000. 00 3,000. 00 Content 500 500 1,000. 0 Travel and conveyance 500 500 700 Maintenance 0 0 500 Others 500 600 1,000. 00 Total monthly expenditure for 1 Center 8,200 9,600 13,500 Total monthly expenditure for 16 Center 131,200 153,600 216,000 Total expenditure in 1st year for 16 Centers 2,444,800 Particulars 1st Month 2nd Month 3rd Month Monthly Operating Profit from 1 Center (325. 00) 2,025. 00 4,000. 00 Monthly Operating Profit from 16 Center (5,200. 00) 32,400. 00 64,000. 00 Operating Profit in 1st Year 1,051,200. 00 A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 30 1. Name in capital letter 1. 2 Family Name 1. 3 Other Names 1. 4 Gender Put a cross (x) in the relevant box Male Female 1. 6 Date of Birth D D M M Y Y Y Y 1. 8 Nationality Photograph (Passport Size) 1. 5 Marital status Put a cross (x) in the relevant box Single Married 1. 7 Place of Birth About you Part 1 GPCIC Application Form 2008 A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 31 2. 1 Your full permanent address 2. 6 Contact details if different from above Degree Institution 2. 2 Father’s name 2. 3 Mother’s name 2. 4 How long have you lived at this address Years Months 2. 5 Contact number(s) 2. 7 E-mail address Year Result Your contact details Part 2 Your institutional education Part 3 A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 32 3. 1 Full address of proposed site/shop 3. 3 Distance of nearest internet service provider from proposed site 3. 5 Distance of nearest GP BTS 3. 7 Type of ownership of the proposed site. Self owned Rented If ‘rented’ please complete part 3. 6 3. 9 Agreement signing date. 3. 2 Location address of nearest internet service provider 3. 4 Area measurement of proposed site 3. Type of proposed shop/site 3. 8 Do you have any agreement with the shop owner? Yes No If ‘yes’ please complete part 3. 7 3. 8 3. 10 Agreement expiry date. Your professional expertise Part 4 Proposed site information Part 5 A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 33 Please put a cross (x) in the relevant boxes to show that these necessary hardware you already have Computer Scanner Webcam Headphone Digital Camera EDGE modem Printer UPS Ensure you submit all relevant documents. If you submit false document it will adversely affect your pplication. Please put a cross (x) in the relevant boxes to show that these document will be submitted with your application Passport size photograph (4 copy) attested by 1st class gadgeted officer Photocopy of all academic and professional certificates attested by proper authority. Photographs of proposed site/shop. Signed Agreement/deed in between site owner/vendor and Entrepreneur, applicable only in the cases when the site is an rental basis Attested photocopy of original title deed (sub-kabala/heba/exchange)/agreement for long-term possession (Verified with the original), applicable in all cases. Mutation Parcha along with DCR in the name site owner in respect of the site, land and building. Succession certificate (if the site owner acquires the title and possession by way of inheritance). Registered Power of Attorney (if the site is controlled, managed, supervised and possessed by the constituted lawful attorney on behalf of the actual site owner) Resolution of Governing Body including by-laws (applicable only in the cases when the site belongs to any school, college, trust, society or similar institution/organization. ) Approval for construction, plan and structural design of the site building from concerned local overnment authority Approval for commercial use of the site building from concerned local government authority, if the building is located within any residential area Holding Tax Receipt, if the site building is located within any city corporation/municipality area Copy Of recent Utility Bill Trade License of the Entrepreneur Supporting documents checklist Part 7 Business compliance documents Part 8 Hardware checklist Part 6 A Working Report on Grameen phone Community Information Center (GPCIC) 34 You must now read the declaration below and sign it. This must be signed by the applicant personally nd not by a representative or other person acting on his/her behalf. I hereby apply for owning a GPCIC. The information I have given is complete and true to the best of my knowledge. I also declare that the photograph submitted with this form is a true likeness of myself. I understand that all information provided by me will be processed for evaluation of my candidature for GPCIC entrepreneurship and I also consent the processing of information provided by me by GPCIC. Applicant’s signature Date D D M M Y Y Y Y Declaration Part 9

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The Man with the Golden Arm - Essay Example .. Mr. Algren, boy, you are good" ("Review Quote": np). After reading this novel, I am compelled to agree. This novel is at times strange, at times very dark, and always engaging and very interesting. People the world over all know Chicago by reputation, and yet the version of this famous city offered up by Nelson Algren is grittier and edgier than the versions offered up by tourist brochures or television sitcoms. The characters are also intriguing and engaging. There is an almost simultaneous sense of disgust and admiration as we experience how these characters aspire and strive in uncertain and distasteful circumstances. The atmosphere which he creates deepens rather than minimizes the reading pleasure. The novel's world is both plausible and foreign; more particularly, it is an atmosphere which we can imagine existing, but which also seems to be an atmosphere that we will never actually step into personally. There is a certain feeling of safety in this distance, which Nelson Algren provides through the medium of the novel. Finally, i t is also important to note that Nelson Algren chooses and uses his words, both narrative and dialogue, meaningfully and succinctly. He does not bore the reader with tangential information. He does not deaden the plot with unnecessary details. Every word conveys meaning. The result is a novel which is extraordinarily difficult to put down, and even more difficult to forget once the final page is read. This is a book which under normal circumstances I would probably never have read. This book report will explain why I am so happy that I have now read the novel. As an initial matter, this is the story of a Chicago drug addict. This character, Frankie the Machine Makjinek, works as a card dealer at illegal poker games. The golden arm reference is to his steady, card-dealing arm. Frankie has just returned to his old neighborhood in Chicago, from jail and a temporarily successful attempt at detoxification, and he works as a card dealer while he tries to turn his life around. He wants to beat his morphine addiction, and he also wants to stay out of trouble and out of jail. The story revolves around his attempts to straighten out his life while simultaneously existing alongside other drug addicts, attempting to pacify a dominant wife, and striving to beat his own former addiction to morphine. In many ways, this is a similar type of story. A person has made a mistake, the mistake has had negative consequences, and the person wants to pursue a better and a more productive life. There are thousands and thousands of stories premised in the same fundamental fashion. What is different about The Man with the Golden Arm, however, is the way in which the story is presented. There is a tremendous depth in the characters. There is a very particularized depth in the setting. More significantly, Nelson Algren presents this quest by the main protagonist as an almost impossible quest. There is an almost mocking tone extended to notions that human beings are civilized or otherwise capable of suppressing deep-seated urges and instinctive desires. Nelson Algren seems alm ost a cynic and a realist at the same time. He feels sympathy rather than pity for his main protagonist. In this way, the reader is compelled, at times, to question whether Frankie the Machi

Logistics and supply chain mgnt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Logistics and supply chain mgnt - Essay Example extraction of raw material to the sale of the finished product to the ultimate customer, whilst taking into account organizational, technological and human factors in a integrated supply chain. The customer most times keeps limited inventory of the products he/she uses, as many of these products are perishable and prefers to purchase them frequently as and when required. As most of their demands are due to requirement at their end, purchase decisions may be influenced by the availability of product in the racks and this were the supply chain management comes into the picture. So, the vitality of the supply chain management for the running of the organization cannot be whisked away. The potential of integrated supply chain is considerable. For example, a global study conducted by the supply chain council demonstrated the potential for cost reduction between 3 and 6 percent of turnover (supply chain council). From the earlier centuries itself, production of goods useful for the humans is an ongoing process and organizations are organized to continue the ongoing process into complete and successful process. And, for the process to be a complete and successful one, the important link in the chain of the organization, which ‘joined’ all the process, is Supply Chain Management. And there are reasons why its utility is of recent origin and why is it important to the 21st Century philosophy of Logistics. SCM (Supply Chain Management) is considered a recent concept because in 1982 only, Keith Oliver of the strategy-consulting firm, Booz Allen Hamilton, first coined it. Keith Oliver through the course of an argument with the manager named Mr. Van t’Hoff coined the word â€Å"supply chain management†. And while coauthoring an article for financial times, he introduced the term to the world. The term ‘supply chain management† (SCM) could have easily disappeared into the history of business jargon. Instead, SCM rapidly passed into the public domain — a sure